Transformation of Sentences | What are the Rules for Transformation of Sentences ? Study Corner

 Transformation of Sentences

(1) Affirmative to Negative :-

a) Auxiliary Verb থকা কোনো Affirmative Sentence ক Negative কৰিবলৈ Auxiliary Verb টোৰ পিছত 'not' যোগ কৰিলেই হয়৷

Auxiliary Verb ৰ সৈতে 'not' ৰ সংক্ষিপ্ত ৰূপ
(n't) লিখিব পাৰি । যেনে-

is not = isn't

do not = don't

will not = won't

shall not = shan't

can not = can't

was not = wasn't

were not = weren't

am not = aren't(tag question) ত ব্যৱহাৰ হয় ।

I have done it. (A)

= I have not done it. (N)
Or
I haven't done it.

I am a good boy.

= I am not a good boy.

The girl will write it.

= The girl won't write it.

b) Affirmative Sentence ত always, some, all, every থাকিলে Negative কৰিবলৈ যথাক্ৰমে
never, any, no, আদি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয় । যেনে-

They always go to school.

= They never go to school.

We have some marbles.

= We have not any marbles.

Everybody praises him.

= Nobody praises him.

They took every care to win the match.

= They took no care to win the match.

All of them went away.

= None of them went away.

c) Auxiliary verb নথকা Affirmative Sentence ক Negative কৰিবলৈ tense অনুসৰি 'do' verb (do, does, did) ৰ সহায় লোৱা হয় । Present tense ত verb অনুসৰি do/does লিখি not যোগ কৰা হয় আৰু main verb ৰ 's' বা 'es' উঠি যায় । Past tense ৰ বাক্যত did লিখি not যোগ কৰা হয় আৰু main verb ৰ Present form হয় । যেনে-

I play cricket.

= I do not play cricket.

He plays cricket.

= He does not play cricket.

He played cricket.

= He did not play cricket.

I went to school.

= I did not go to school.

d) কিছুমান Sentence ক অৰ্থৰ পৰিবৰ্তন নকৰাকৈ Negative কৰা হয় । এনে ক্ষেত্ৰত কিছুমান শব্দৰ বিপৰীত শব্দ আৰু আন কিছুমান নতুন শব্দ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব লাগে । যেনে-

Man is mortal.

= Man is not immortal.

All men are mortal.

= No men are immortal.

Water is colourless.

= Water is not colourful

Milk is white.

= Milk is not but white.

The sun rises in the east.

= The sun does not but rise in the east.

[ এনেকুৱা Sentence ত but ৰ অৰ্থ 'কিন্তু' ৰ পৰিবৰ্তে 'বাহিৰে' হয়৷]

Everybody wishes to be happy.

= Nobody wishes to be unhappy.

Every one loves his motherland.

= No one hates his motherland.

Everybody wants money.

=There is nobody who does not want money.

Where there is a will, there is a way.

= There is no way without a will.

Everybody must admit/confess that he is an honest boy.

= Nobody can deny that he is an honest boy.

e) Only/alone থকা বাক্যক none but ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি Negative কৰা হয় । যেনে-

Only he can do this.

= None but he can do this.

Ram alone can solve the matter.

= None but Ram can solve the matter.

f) As soon as থকা বাক্যক Negative কৰোতে
no sooner…..than ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব লাগে । no sooner…..than ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিলে বাক্যটো Interrogative pattern ত লিখা হয় । যেনে -

As soon as the tiger saw the hunter, it ran away.

= No sooner did the tiger see the hunter than it ran away.

As soon as I had arrived there, he left the place.

= No sooner had I arrived there than he left the place.

g) do, try আদি verb থকা বাক্য Negative কৰিবলৈ 'leave' ৰ সৈতে negative word লিখি এই verb বোৰ(do, try) ৰ opposite form বোৰ
Past participle ত লিখা হয় । যেনে-

He tried every plan.

= He left no plan untried.

The boy has done all home work.

= The boy has left no home work undone.

(2) Imperative to Negative :-

a) Imperative Sentence ক Negative কৰিবলৈ Sentence টোৰ আগত কেৱল Do not
লিখিলেই হয় । যেনে-

Go there.

= Do not (Don't) go there.

Always do it.

= Never do it.

Please open the door.

= Please don't open the door.

(3) Assertive to Interrogative :-

a) Auxiliary Verb থকা কোনো Assertive Sentence ক Interrogative কৰিবলৈ Auxiliary Verb টো Subject ৰ আগত লিখি Sentence
টোৰ শেষত question mark( ? ) দিলেই হয়৷ যেনে-

You are a good boy.

= Are you a good boy?

He must do the work.

= Must he do the work?

b) Auxiliary verb নথকা Assertive Sentence ক Interrogative কৰিবলৈ tense অনুসৰি 'do' verb (do, does, did) ৰ সহায় লোৱা হয় । Present tense ত verb অনুসৰি subject ৰ আগত do/does লিখা হয় আৰু main verb ৰ 's' বা 'es' উঠি যায় । Past tense ৰ বাক্যত subject ৰ আগত did লিখা হয় আৰু main verb ৰ
Present form হয় । যেনে-

I finish the work.

= Do I finish the work?

He eats rice.

= Does he eat rice?

I finished the work.

= Did I finish the work?

c) Everybody থকা Sentence ক Interroga-
tive কৰোতে who ৰ সৈতে negative word ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি Interrogative কৰা হয় । আনহাতে,
Nobody থকা Sentence ক Interroga-
tive কৰোতে who ৰ সৈতে negative word ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা নহয় ।

Everybody wishes to be happy.

= Who does not wish to be happy?

Nobody can sing like him.

= Who can sing like him?

Every one loves his motherland.

= Who does not love his motherland?

(4) Simple to Complex

a) Simple Sentence ত too….to থাকিলে তাক
so….that ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি Complex কৰা হয় । যেনে-

He is too weak to walk.

= He is so weak that he can't walk.

The girl is too fat to enter the room.

= The girl is so fat that she can't enter the room.

b) 'to' infinitive থকা Sentence ক that sub +
should/would ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি Complex কৰা হয় । যেনে-

He wants me to go.

= He wants that I should go.

I am sure of success.

= I am sure that I shall succeed.

c) Place বুজালে where ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি Complex কৰা হয় । যেনে-

He knows my address.

= He knows where I live.

We know his birth place.

= We know where he was born.

d) Time বুজালে when ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি Complex কৰা হয় । যেনে-

I know his time of arrival.

= I know when he will arrive.

The thief came at midnight.

= The thief came when it was midnight.

e) কোনো বিষয়ে জানিবলৈ হ'লে what ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি Complex কৰা হয় । যেনে-

I don't know his name.

= I don't know what his name is.

We don't know his address.

= We don't know what his address is.

f) In spite of থকা Sentence ক though…..yet
ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি Complex কৰা হয় । যেনে-

In spite of his poverty, he is honest.

= Though he is poor, yet he is honest.

In spite of his riches, he is not happy.

= Though he is rich, yet he is not happy.

(5) Simple to Compound :-

a) Present Participle ৰে আৰম্ভ হোৱা simple
sentence ক and ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি Compound কৰিব পাৰি । যেনে-

Seeing the hunter, the tiger ran away.

= The tiger saw the hunter and it ran away.

Finishing the work, he returned home.

= He finished the work and returned home.

b) In spite of থকা simple sentence ক but
ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি Compound কৰা হয় । যেনে-

In spite of his riches, he is not happy.

= He is rich but not happy.

In spite of his poverty, he is honest.

= He is poor but honest.

c) Besides থকা simple sentence ক not only……..but also ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি Compound কৰা হয় । যেনে-

Besides being a singer, he is also a dancer.

= He is not only a singer but also a dancer.

Besides, mangoes, they also took apples.

= They took not only mangoes but also apples.

(6) Compound to Complex :-

a) or বা and থকা compound sentence ক if বা unless ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি Complex কৰা হয় । যেনে-

Take exercise or you will be ill.

= If you don't take exercise, you will be ill.
Or
Unless you take exercise you will be ill.

Run fast or you will miss the train.

= Unless you run fast you will miss the train.

The earth is round and we can prove it.

= We can prove that the earth is round.

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